{"id":12661,"date":"2024-02-29T13:39:36","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T12:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2024\/02\/29\/derriere-l-objectif-du-plein-emploi-de-quoi-parle-t-on-exactement_6219276_4355770.html"},"modified":"2024-02-29T13:39:36","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T12:39:36","slug":"derriere-lobjectif-du-plein-emploi-de-quoi-parle-t-on-exactement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/derriere-lobjectif-du-plein-emploi-de-quoi-parle-t-on-exactement\/","title":{"rendered":"Derri\u00e8re l\u2019objectif du plein-emploi, de quoi parle-t-on exactement\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"article__media\"><picture class=\"article__media\"><source srcset=\" https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/556\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg 556w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/600\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg 600w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/664\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg 664w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/700\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg 700w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/800\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw\" alt=\"La loi pour le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb a transform\u00e9 P\u00f4le emploi en France Travail.\" width=\"664\" height=\"443\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/664\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg\" alt=\"La loi pour le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb a transform\u00e9 P\u00f4le emploi en France Travail.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw\" width=\"664\" height=\"443\"><\/picture><noscript> <img src=\"https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/13\/0\/0\/3845\/2563\/664\/0\/75\/0\/447ca34_1707808251298-000-34ep4xu.jpg\" alt=\"La loi pour le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb a transform\u00e9 P\u00f4le emploi en France Travail.\"><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"article__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\">La loi pour le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb a transform\u00e9 P\u00f4le emploi en France Travail. <span class=\"article__credit\" aria-hidden=\"true\">DENIS CHARLET \/ AFP<\/span> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb est le mot d\u2019ordre d\u2019Emmanuel Macron, qui a promis d\u2019atteindre 5&nbsp;% de ch\u00f4mage en&nbsp;2027. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019intitul\u00e9 de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000048581935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">la loi vot\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre<\/a> qui modifie l\u2019accompagnement des ch\u00f4meurs et impose des heures d\u2019activit\u00e9 aux allocataires du RSA, suscitant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/idees\/article\/2023\/07\/10\/rsa-stigmatiser-les-pauvres-ne-mene-pas-au-plein-emploi_6181320_3232.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">la col\u00e8re des syndicats<\/a>. Atteindre le plein-emploi assure pour l\u2019Etat des milliards d\u2019euros de recettes suppl\u00e9mentaires&nbsp;: plus de cotisations des salari\u00e9s, moins d\u2019allocations-ch\u00f4mage vers\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">L\u2019Insee a annonc\u00e9 jeudi 29&nbsp;f\u00e9vrier que l\u2019emploi salari\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/7929052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">n\u2019avait pas \u00e9volu\u00e9 (0&nbsp;%) au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2003<\/a>, avec une hausse de 0,6&nbsp;% sur un an, alors que le taux de ch\u00f4mage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/4805248#:~:text=Le%20taux%20de%20ch%C3%B4mage%20au,%25%20%C3%A0%207%2C5%20%25).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">se stabilise aussi \u00e0 7,5&nbsp;% de la population<\/a> active sur le m\u00eame trimestre, apr\u00e8s avoir atteint un plus bas niveau \u00e0 7,1&nbsp;% mi-2023. Des indicateurs stables, mais loin des objectifs fix\u00e9s par le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Quelles sont les diff\u00e9rences entre ces indicateurs&nbsp;pour mesurer l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi&nbsp;? Pourquoi fixer une cible&nbsp;\u00e0 5&nbsp;% de ch\u00f4mage ? Quels sont les enjeux politiques de chacune de ces statistiques&nbsp;? Explications<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__sub-title\">Quels indicateurs pour d\u00e9terminer le plein-emploi&nbsp;?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Les \u00e9conomistes parlent de plein-emploi quand les individus qui souhaitent travailler n\u2019\u00e9prouvent pas de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 trouver un poste. Pour d\u00e9finir ce terme, ils restreignent la population aux actifs, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les personnes qui ont l\u2019\u00e2ge de travailler (entre 15&nbsp;ans et 64&nbsp;ans, dans la majorit\u00e9 des comparaisons internationales), qui exercent une activit\u00e9 ou qui cherchent un emploi. Cela exclut les personnes au foyer sans activit\u00e9 professionnelle, mais aussi les enfants, les \u00e9tudiants et les retrait\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Ensuite, les \u00e9conomistes ne sont pas tous d\u2019accord sur la m\u00e9trique \u00e0 retenir&nbsp;: le taux d\u2019activit\u00e9, d\u2019emploi ou de ch\u00f4mage&nbsp;? Ce sont trois indicateurs diff\u00e9rents, ayant chacun son mode de calcul&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__unordered-list\">\n<li>Le taux d\u2019activit\u00e9 est mesur\u00e9 en rapportant le nombre de personnes en \u00e2ge de travailler, les actifs (occup\u00e9s et ch\u00f4meurs), \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de la population de 15&nbsp;ans \u00e0 64&nbsp;ans&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>Le taux d\u2019emploi d\u00e9compte les actifs occup\u00e9s, rapport\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de la population&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>Le taux de ch\u00f4mage, enfin, correspond au nombre de ch\u00f4meurs rapport\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des actifs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0) } }, \u00ab\u00a0legend\u00a0\u00bb: { \u00ab\u00a0enabled\u00a0\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a01\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0reversed\u00a0\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a0\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0layout\u00a0\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a0horizontal\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0verticalAlign\u00a0\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a0top\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0align\u00a0\u00bb: 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\u00ab&nbsp;minimum&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Actuellement, le ch\u00f4mage reste la norme pour d\u00e9finir le plein-emploi. En mai&nbsp;2023, avec un taux fr\u00f4lant les 7&nbsp;%, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/EmmanuelMacron\/status\/1658764670038155264?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique se f\u00e9licitait<\/a>&nbsp;: <em>\u00ab&nbsp;Cela fait quarante ans que le niveau du ch\u00f4mage n\u2019avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 si bas. Objectif plein-emploi&nbsp;!&nbsp;\u00bb <\/em>Mais de quel ch\u00f4mage parle-t-on&nbsp;? L\u2019Organisation internationale du travail <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_emp\/documents\/publication\/wcms_563299.pdf#page=10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">distingue cinq types de ch\u00f4mage<\/a>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__unordered-list\">\n<li>le ch\u00f4mage cyclique, d\u00e9pendant d\u2019une reprise \u00e9conomique&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>le ch\u00f4mage de longue dur\u00e9e (temporaire aussi mais plus long), \u00e9galement conjoncturel&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>le ch\u00f4mage structurel, li\u00e9 \u00e0 une inad\u00e9quation entre les comp\u00e9tences des ch\u00f4meurs et la demande du march\u00e9 du travail&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>le ch\u00f4mage frictionnel ou transitionnel, quand une personne veut trouver un nouvel emploi&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>le ch\u00f4mage sp\u00e9cifique, concentr\u00e9 dans certains groupes de personnes ou certaines zones g\u00e9ographiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Le taux de ch\u00f4mage frictionnel est celui qui d\u00e9finit le plein-emploi&nbsp;: un seuil en dessous duquel on ne pourra pas descendre. Il correspond aux d\u00e9lais pour qu\u2019un travailleur trouve un emploi ou pour qu\u2019un employeur recrute. <em>\u00ab&nbsp;On peut toujours essayer de le r\u00e9duire en am\u00e9liorant la diffusion de l\u2019information sur les offres d\u2019emploi, les processus de recrutement, mais c\u2019est difficile&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>,<em> <\/em>explique l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Christine Erhel, directrice du&nbsp;Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes de l\u2019emploi et du travail.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Actuellement, les \u00e9conomistes s\u2019accordent sur un taux de ch\u00f4mage frictionnel entre 4,5&nbsp;% et 5&nbsp;% pour la France. Mais les calculs peuvent varier en fonction des hypoth\u00e8ses faites pour le mesurer, de la p\u00e9riode et de la zone g\u00e9ographique retenues. Dans les ann\u00e9es 2000, l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Pisani-Ferry, en retenant une dur\u00e9e moyenne de recherche d\u2019un nouvel emploi de trois mois pour les personnes ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 travaill\u00e9, et de six mois pour les nouveaux entrants sur le march\u00e9 du travail, <a href=\"http:\/\/gesd.free.fr\/cae30.pdf#page=52\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">estimait le taux de ch\u00f4mage frictionnel \u00e0 3,4&nbsp;%<\/a>, et le \u00ab&nbsp;ch\u00f4mage d\u2019\u00e9tape&nbsp;\u00bb pour y parvenir \u00e0 5&nbsp;%. En Allemagne, la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/07\/04\/angela-merkel-promet-le-plein-emploi-en-allemagne-d-ici-a-2025_5155127_3214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">promettait pour son dernier mandat<\/a> de ramener le ch\u00f4mage \u00e0 son minimum incompressible, le chiffrant alors \u00e0 3&nbsp;%.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article__media\"><picture class=\"article__media\"><source srcset=\" https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/556\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png 556w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/600\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png 600w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/664\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png 664w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/700\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png 700w, https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/800\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png 800w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail du calcul du ch\u00f4mage frictionnel dans le rapport \u00ab&nbsp;Plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Pisani-Ferry, publi\u00e9 en 2000.\" width=\"664\" height=\"443\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/664\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail du calcul du ch\u00f4mage frictionnel dans le rapport \u00ab&nbsp;Plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Pisani-Ferry, publi\u00e9 en 2000.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw\" width=\"664\" height=\"443\"><\/picture><noscript> <img src=\"https:\/\/img.lemde.fr\/2024\/02\/22\/0\/0\/540\/637\/664\/0\/75\/0\/5991a33_1708619418493-formule.png\" alt=\"D\u00e9tail du calcul du ch\u00f4mage frictionnel dans le rapport \u00ab&nbsp;Plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Pisani-Ferry, publi\u00e9 en 2000.\"><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"article__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\">D\u00e9tail du calcul du ch\u00f4mage frictionnel dans le rapport \u00ab&nbsp;Plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Pisani-Ferry, publi\u00e9 en 2000. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"article__sub-title\"><strong>Le taux d\u2019emploi est-il plus fiable&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Selon certains \u00e9conomistes, il faudrait cesser de d\u00e9finir le plein-emploi en comptant les ch\u00f4meurs mais braquer plut\u00f4t le projecteur sur les personnes qui travaillent. En mars&nbsp;2000, les chefs d\u2019Etat europ\u00e9ens r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Lisbonne avaient adopt\u00e9 un objectif de plein-emploi qui, contrairement \u00e0 sa conception traditionnelle, n\u2019\u00e9tait pas donn\u00e9 <em>\u00ab&nbsp;sous la forme d\u2019un taux de ch\u00f4mage (que l\u2019on viserait \u00e0 ramener \u00e0 un minimum jug\u00e9 incompressible), mais sous celle d\u2019un taux d\u2019emploi que l\u2019on se propose d\u2019augmenter&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>, rappelait&nbsp;l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jacques Freyssinet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-travail-genre-et-societes-2004-1-page-109.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">dans une publication de 2004<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Pour avoir de la croissance, il faut un fort taux d\u2019emploi qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re des richesses. Or, on peut avoir un taux de ch\u00f4mage en baisse sans que le taux d\u2019emploi augmente, si le taux d\u2019activit\u00e9 recule en m\u00eame temps, avec des personnes qui quittent le march\u00e9 du travail, par d\u00e9couragement, pour des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 ou pour prendre leur retraite. <em>\u00ab&nbsp;On a tr\u00e8s bien vu ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne aux Etats-Unis apr\u00e8s la \u201cgrande r\u00e9cession\u201d <\/em>[2007-2008],<em> <\/em>d\u00e9taille Christine Erhel<em>.<\/em> <em>Le ch\u00f4mage a baiss\u00e9, mais, dans le m\u00eame temps, le taux d\u2019emploi a baiss\u00e9 \u00e9galement du fait de nombreux retraits du march\u00e9 du travail, donc on ne pouvait pas en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 parler d\u2019un retour au plein-emploi, la situation est rest\u00e9e tr\u00e8s longtemps en dessous du niveau d\u2019avant crise.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<section class=\"inread inread--NL js-services-inread\" readability=\"0.14285714285714\">\n<p> Le Monde <\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/abo.lemonde.fr\/?lmd_medium=display&amp;lmd_campaign=723\" class=\"inread__link js-services-inread-link\" target=\"_blank\" readability=\"4\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <\/p>\n<p>Offre sp\u00e9ciale<\/p>\n<p>Acc\u00e9dez \u00e0 tous nos contenus en illimit\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de <s>10,99<\/s> 5,49 \u20ac\/mois pendant 1 an.<\/p>\n<p>En profiter<\/p>\n<p> <\/a> <\/section>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Mais ni le taux d\u2019emploi ni le taux d\u2019activit\u00e9 ne rendent compte du sous-emploi, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les personnes qui travaillent moins que ce qu\u2019elles souhaitent, pour cause de temps partiel subi ou de ch\u00f4mage partiel. Un pays peut se rapprocher du plein-emploi en laissant se d\u00e9velopper des contrats pr\u00e9caires, avec un niveau de sous-emploi \u00e9lev\u00e9. Pour \u00e9viter ce biais de sur\u00e9valuation, M.&nbsp;Freyssinet sugg\u00e8re plut\u00f4t de calculer un taux d\u2019emploi en \u00e9quivalent plein-temps.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__sub-title\"><strong>Quelle strat\u00e9gie politique derri\u00e8re ces chiffres&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Alors que la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du travail devient de plus en plus complexe avec l\u2019apparition de nombreuses situations interm\u00e9diaires et le d\u00e9veloppement de formes d\u2019emploi atypiques (contrats tr\u00e8s courts, temps partiel subi, travail ind\u00e9pendant\u2026), la majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9conomistes s\u2019accordent sur l\u2019importance de cumuler plusieurs indicateurs pour bien cerner les contours du plein-emploi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Les h\u00e9sitations dans le choix des indicateurs se retrouvent aussi du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du gouvernement. Ainsi, Emmanuel Macron a annonc\u00e9 en avril&nbsp;2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2024\/02\/13\/avec-un-taux-de-chomage-a-7-5-la-promesse-du-plein-emploi-s-eloigne-sauf-pour-les-seniors_6216316_823448.html\">son ambition de parvenir <em>\u00ab&nbsp;au plein-emploi des seniors&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em><\/a> en avan\u00e7ant un objectif de taux d\u2019emploi&nbsp;de 65&nbsp;% pour les 60&nbsp;ans \u00e0 64&nbsp;ans <em>\u00ab&nbsp;\u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2030&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>, alors qu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait que de 36,2&nbsp;% en&nbsp;2022.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Ce choix peut aussi \u00eatre per\u00e7u comme une ruse de communicant&nbsp;: avec le recul de l\u2019\u00e2ge de la retraite, le taux de ch\u00f4mage qui affecte cette tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge va grossir dans un premier temps puisque le nombre d\u2019actifs (le d\u00e9nominateur) sera augment\u00e9 m\u00e9caniquement, avant que le taux d\u2019emploi ne rebondisse.<\/p>\n<p> \u00ab\u00a0) 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\u00ab\u00a0enabled\u00a0\u00bb: true }, \u00ab\u00a0exporting\u00a0\u00bb: { \u00ab\u00a0enabled\u00a0\u00bb: false }, \u00ab\u00a0credits\u00a0\u00bb: { \u00ab\u00a0enabled\u00a0\u00bb: false }<br \/>\n} );<br \/>\n}); <\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Par ailleurs, se focaliser uniquement sur une baisse tr\u00e8s forte du taux de ch\u00f4mage peut avoir comme effet de bord d\u2019alimenter la surchauffe des prix. C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pour cela que le taux de ch\u00f4mage structurel (ch\u00f4mage frictionnel auquel on ajoute le ch\u00f4mage li\u00e9 aux rigidit\u00e9s du march\u00e9 du travail) est aussi appel\u00e9 en anglais<em> <\/em>\u00ab&nbsp;Nairu&nbsp;<em>\u00bb<\/em>, pour <em>non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment<\/em>, taux de ch\u00f4mage en dessous duquel l\u2019inflation risque d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">La cible de 5&nbsp;% de ch\u00f4mage incompressible doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e <em>\u00ab&nbsp;comme un objectif, qui traduit l\u2019ambition de faire baisser le ch\u00f4mage de fa\u00e7on assez historique&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>, explique Alexandra Roulet, professeure d\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e0 l\u2019Institut europ\u00e9en d\u2019administration des affaires et ancienne conseill\u00e8re macro\u00e9conomie \u00e0 l\u2019Elys\u00e9e. Pour elle, une baisse en dessous de 7&nbsp;% serait d\u00e9j\u00e0 <em>\u00ab&nbsp;une belle victoire&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<section class=\"author\">\n<p class=\"article__author-container\"> <span class=\"author__detail\"><a class=\"article__author-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/signataires\/mathilde-damge\/\"> <span class=\"author__name\">Mathilde Damg\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article__reactions\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/syndication\" class=\"reuse__content\" title=\"R\u00e9utiliser ce contenu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">R\u00e9utiliser ce contenu<\/a> <\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La loi pour le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb a transform\u00e9 P\u00f4le emploi en France Travail. DENIS CHARLET \/ AFP Le \u00ab&nbsp;plein-emploi&nbsp;\u00bb est le mot d\u2019ordre d\u2019Emmanuel Macron, qui a promis d\u2019atteindre 5&nbsp;% de ch\u00f4mage en&nbsp;2027. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019intitul\u00e9 de la loi vot\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre qui modifie l\u2019accompagnement des ch\u00f4meurs et impose des heures d\u2019activit\u00e9 aux allocataires du RSA,<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"blog-btn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/derriere-lobjectif-du-plein-emploi-de-quoi-parle-t-on-exactement\/\" class=\"home-blog-btn\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12661"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12661\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jeunediplome.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}